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生态学与分类学软件。群聚生态资料最常用的多变值统计方法，内容包括群聚数据之类型、相似性系数、聚类方法、空间排序方法、分类结果与空间排序图之显著性，结果的比较与评析、群聚与环境因子间之关系等等
SYN-TAX 2000, Data Analysis in Ecology and Systematics (Windows)
Contains programs for data analysis with emphasis on applications in ecology and systematics. Most are equally applicable to other fields when reduction of dimensionality and exploration of data structure are desired.
Module HierClus: Hierarchical clustering (h-SAHN and d-SAHN methods, information theory clustering based on entropy and mutual information, divisive monothetic clustering, ordinal clustering, neighbor joining, global optimization, minimum spanning trees). Use of 33 dissimilarity coefficients, 6 run-time standardization procedures. Dendrograms, minimum spanning trees, additive trees, unrooted trees. Utilities.
Module Ordin: Metric and nonmetric ordination including PCA, PCoA, CA, CCoa, RDA, NMDS, canonical correlation analysis and canonical variates (discriminant) analysis. Ordination scatterplots, biplots, triplots, rotating plots. Minimum spanning trees and classification polygons superimposed on ordinations. Scree plots and Shepard diagrams. Use of 33 dissimilarity coefficients, 6 run-time standardization procedures in PCoA and NMDS. Utilities.
Module NonHier: Non-hierarchical clustering methods including k-means, multiple partitioning, global optimization, quick clustering, fuzzy c-means clustering and ordinal methods. Ternary plots and scattergrams to illustrate fuzzy classifications graphically. Use of 33 dissimilarity coefficients, 6 run-time standardization procedures in global optimization, three rank coefficients for ordinal clustering. Utilities.
Module Eval: not yet available
Module MatRank: not yet available
Major changes compared to ver. 5.1
Switch from DOS to 32-byte WINDOWS systems.
No program-dependent problem size limits.
Input file header now includes title and matrix size information.
New format for label files. Long labels allowed in ordination scattergrams.
More flexible graphics options, called from the main menu or in context-dependent form as pop-up menus when a diagram is displayed. Improved graphics features.
Zooming entire diagrams or portions thereof to examine small details.
Export/import of EXCEL datafiles.
New graphics formats: BMP, EMF and WMF.
TIF and PCX no longer supported, except in rotating plots.
Simple text editor/file viewer.
Only interactive mode; batch unavailable.
Analysis of point patterns not included.
Data grid in main window, showing input matrix.
New utilities to create bootstrapped, randomized or otherwise resampled data files.
Analysis of a data matrix in two ways, without previously transposing.
Minimum spanning and unrooted neighbor joining trees with branch lengths.
Scree plots for eigenvalues.
Screen shots for the user interface and graphics windows
SYN-TAX 2000
User’s Manual
Spiral bound. 53 pages, with many illustrations.
The manual provides technical information on the use of SYN-TAX 2000, with special emphasis on input/output and graphics. There is a short section on theory as well.
Requirements: runs under WINDOWS 95, 98 and NT. Mac version also available.
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 6
1.1 Main features 6
1.2 Major changes compared to ver. 5.1 6
1.3 History 6
1.4 Selected references on SYN-TAX versions 7
1.5 Further reading 7
1.6 Acknowledgements 8
1.7 Correspondence 8
Chapter 2: Quick start 9
2.1 The Main Window 9
2.2 Data grid 10
2.3 The File menu 10
2.4 Your first session in SYN-TAX 2000 11
Chapter 3: Input specifications, file conversions 14
3.1 Raw data files 14
3.1.1 Ungrouped raw data 14
3.1.2 Data with two groups of variables 15
3.1.3 Data with several groups of objects 15
3.2 Distance/dissimilarity matrices in input files 16
3.3 Group membership array (vector) defining a partition 16
3.4 Partition cluster seeds 17
3.5 Labels 17
3.6 Converting file formats: distances 18
3.7 Transposing data 18
3.8 Excel files 18
Chapter 4: Graphics 20
4.1 General features of SYN-TAX 2000 graphics 20
4.1.1 Graphics files 20
4.1.2 Graphics formats, metafiles 20
4.1.3 Pop-up menus 20
4.1.4 Graphics settings 21
4.2 Types of graphics 21
4.2.1 Additive trees 21
4.2.2 Biplots 22
4.2.3 Canonical correlation analysis ordinations 23
4.2.4 Canonical variates analysis ordinations 23
4.2.5 Dendrograms 24
4.2.6 Joint plots 25
4.2 7 Minimum spanning trees 25
4.2.8 Rotating plots: 3D scattergrams 26
4.2.9 Scree plots 27
4.2.10 Shepard diagrams 28
4.2.11 Simple scattergram 28
4.2.12 Superimposed convex polygons 28
4.2.13 Superimposed minimum spanning trees 28
4.2.14 Ternary plots 28
4.2.15 Triplots 29
4.3 Graphics commands 29
4.3.1 Axis caption font 29
4.3.2 Axis color 29
4.3.3 Background color/Panel color 29
4.3.4 Copy 30
4.3.5 Dendrogram shape 30
4.3.6 Dragging diagrams 30
4.3.7 Labels/Labeling objects/Labeling variables 30
4.3.8 Label font/Object label font/Variable label font 31
4.3.9 Line width/Printer scaling 31
4.3.10 New axes 31
4.3.11 Print 31
4.3.12 Resizing graphics 31
4.3.13 Save 31
4.3.14 Scaling axes 32
4.3.15 Symbol definitions 32
4.3.16 Title font 33
4.3.17 Tree color 33
4.3.18 Triangle color 33
4.3.19 Unrooted tree shape 33
4.3.20 Zoom 33
Chapter 5: Theory in brief 35
5.1 Data transformation and standardization 35
5.2 Distance and dissimilarity 36
5.2.1 Coefficients for binary (presence/absence) data 36
5.2.2 Coefficients for ordinal data 37
5.2.3 Coefficients for ratio scale data 38
5.2.4 Coefficients for mixed data 39
5.2.5 A coefficient for nominal data 41
5.3 Non-hierarchical clustering 41
5.3.1 K-means clustering 41
5.3.2 Multiple partitioning 42
5.3.3 Quick clustering 42
5.3.4 Global optimization 42
5.3.5 Fuzzy clustering 43
5.3.6 Ordinal clustering 43
5.4 Hierarchical clustering 43
5.4.1 Agglomerative methods 44
5.4.2 Divisive methods 44
5.4.3 Minimum spanning trees 44
5.4.4 Additive trees 45
5.4.5 Ordinal clustering 45
5.5 Ordination 45
5.5.1 Metric methods 46
5.5.2 Constrained ordination 47
5.5.3 Non-metric methods 47
Chapter 6: Utilities and related features 48
6.1 Text Editor 48
6.2 Randomizing raw data 48
6.3 Partition from a dendrogram 49
6.4 General options 49
6.5 Summary 49
Appendix A: Filename extensions 50
Appendix B: Troubleshooting 51
